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The mountainous terrain features rocky foothills, wadis, and temporary waterways that flow into the flood plain and open land. The lower vegetation includes Ziziphus spina-christi, Prosopis juliflora, Acacia tortilis, Lycium shawii, and other woody species like Moringa peregrina, Peripolca aphylla, Ephedra foliata. It also hosts shrubs and birds such as Acridocarpus orientalis, Capparis cartilaginea, Euphorbia larica, Pergularia tomentosa, Gaillonia aucheri, Ochradenus arabicus, Barbary Falcon, Liechtenstein’s Sandgrouse, Sand Partridge, Little Owl, Pale Crag Martin, Hume’s Wheatear, Hooded Wheatear, Desert Lark, and White-spectacled Bulbul. Mammals like Arabian Tahr, Blanford’s Fox, and Egyptian Spiny Mouse are found here. The mountain slopes are rich in species with low vegetation cover, including trees, stem succulents, shrubs, dwarf shrubs, and perennial grasses. They support species like Cenchrus ciliaris, Cymbopogon commutatus, Panicum turgidum; Pennisetum divisum; Blepharis ciliar.||تتميز التضاريس الجبلية بالتلال الصخرية والأودية والمجاري المائية المؤقتة التي تتدفق نحو السهل المنخفض والأراضي المفتوحة. تشمل النباتات السفلية أنواعًا مثل Ziziphus spina-christi وProsopis juliflora وAcacia tortilis وLycium shawii وأنواع أخرى من الأشجار |